I started my hand bookbinding apprenticeship in 1967 at a trade bindery in Seattle. This four year program consisted of all aspects of casebinding and some fine binding, including much training in hot-foil stamping and embossing. Then I served another four year apprenticeship in the mechanical aspects of the bindery ( folding machines, paper cutters, stitchers etc.). After that, I started my own business, and built a book bindery at my home where I create high quality hand made books and binders. I have been collecting and restoring antique hand bookbinding machines and equipment for many years. Many of my clients say that I work in a museum.